On the Spectrum of Disability

By: Rosie Waxman

Experiencing a disability can come with significant challenges, but disability does not define.  Students with disabilities might find themselves facing new types of challenges when pursuing research, so follow along to learn more about what supports are available and to make the most of your success.

When we talk about disability, what do we mean?

A disability can be congenital or acquired at any time.  Disabilities include, but are not limited to, conditions like learning disabilities, mobility impairments, visual impairments, hearing impairments, cognitive impairments, speech and language disorders, mental health conditions, chronic health conditions and neurodiversity.  Disabilities affect how individuals engage in day-to-day life, and might require special accommodations to be successful.

Know Your Rights

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits universities from discriminating against qualified students with disabilities in academic pursuits, including research.  Understand your university’s policies and contact their accessibility office for information on available support and how to request it.

Identify Your Needs

Consider what previously documented accommodations you need to request.  Being transparent about your needs is a personal decision, but grants the tools you need to advocate for yourself and succeed in the lab.  If your needs are not already documented, this might mean consulting a healthcare provider for assessment and pursuing a 504 Plan or Individualized Education Plan.

What can accommodations in the lab look like?

Disabilities are diverse in need, but with the right strategies and support, managing them is achievable.  Use these recommendations alongside formal accommodation requests when pursuing your research goals, and be open to discussing your work style with your team.

Learning Disabilities

• Leverage technology like text-to-speech software, digital note-taking tools and apps designed to support reading and writing of lab procedures and scientific literature 

• Use specialized learning aids, such as visual aids, graphic organizers or concept maps, to help process and retain information

• Create an organized workspace with clear labeling and systematic storage to reduce cognitive load

• Seek individuals with similar challenges for guidance

Mobility Impairments 

• Request height-adjustable lab benches and equipment, with pathways that are wide enough for wheelchairs or mobility aids

• Utilize ergonomic lab tools with adjustable handles and grips to accommodate limited dexterity

• Create a plan for remote access when necessary

Visual Impairments

• Use large-print, high-contrast labels for lab equipment, chemicals and documentation

• Request software that magnifies lab computers and screens or converts text to speech

• Request tactile indicators and Braille labels on essential equipment and tools

Hearing Impairments

• Request audio alerts to be replaced with visual cues such as flashing lights on lab equipment and fire alarms

• Use real-time captioning during meetings or use speech-to-text apps for conversations

• Request sign language interpreters for lab meetings and important discussions

Cognitive Impairments

• Use visual aids and checklists to reduce cognitive load

• Utilize digital reminders and alarms to help manage tasks and schedules effectively

• Break down tasks, papers and posters into smaller, manageable steps to facilitate focus and comprehension

• Use spoon theory to understand and manage your energy levels effectively

• Create an organized workspace with clear labeling and systematic storage 

Speech and Language Disorders

• Utilize direct and limited-jargon language in both written and spoken communications

• Request visual aids such as charts, diagrams and demonstrations to complement verbal instructions

• Use a customizable communication board to express needs and ideas

Mental Health Conditions

• Request flexible working hours or remote work options to manage stress and anxiety

• Designate a quiet area in the lab when needing a break from sensory overload

Chronic Health Conditions

• Coordinate with your supervisor for adaptable hours to manage appointments and energy fluctuations

• Request a comfortable, accessible lab setup with ergonomic furniture and essential supplies

• Create an organized workspace with clear labeling and systematic storage so colleagues can access your work for when you are out

• Create a backup plan for flare-ups, including a designated colleague for support

Neurodiversity

• Use noise-canceling headphones or cubicles to reduce sensory input

• Use visual schedules and timers to help manage time and transitions between tasks

• Maintain a structured lab environment with consistent routines